| Table 3
Frequencies and Univariate Analyses of the Relationships of the Explanatory Variables with the Performance Categories |
| Variable | % N | Categories | Def.
stop 26% |
still
busy
27% |
Start
47% |
Chi-sq.
+ sign. |
Variable | % N | Categories | Def.
Stop 26% |
Still
busy 27% |
Start
47% |
Chi-sq.
+ sign. |
| gender
(n = 330) |
30%
70% |
female
male |
25%
26% |
39%
22% |
37%
52% |
10.09 ** | education
(n = 321) |
53%
47% |
low/middle
edu.
high education |
25%
25% |
28%
26% |
47%
49% |
0.14 |
| age
(n = 327)
|
7%
42% 31% 17% 3% |
age
18–24
age 25–34 age 35–44 age 45–54 age 55–64 |
17%
25% 25% 32% 18% |
25%
30% 24% 28% 18% |
58%
45% 51% 41% 64% |
4.97 | daily
activity
(n = 309) (dummy variables) |
65%
22% 9% 4% |
employee
entrepreneur social welfare student |
29%
13% 29% 33% |
29%
16% 43% 25% |
42%
71% 29% 42% |
5.51
18.74** 5.11 0.41 |
| personal
income
(n = 253)
|
32%
40% 28% |
$
0 –1.200 p.m.
$ 1.201–2.000 p.m. $ > 2.000 p.m. |
23%
30% 21% |
32%
31% 21% |
45%
40% 57% |
5.82 | end up full- or part-time (n = 317) | 84%
16% |
full-time
part-time |
25%
27% |
27%
29% |
48%
45% |
0.14 |
| ambition become rich (n = 320) | 85%
15% |
to
earn a living
to become rich |
26%
23% |
28%
30% |
47%
47% |
0.16 | ambition to grow large (n = 321) | 82%
18% |
to
stay small
to grow large |
22%
36% |
28%
26% |
50%
38% |
5.09 |
| ambition
amount of employees within five years (n = 261)
|
28%
25% 22% 19% 6% |
0
employees
1–2 employees 3–6 employees 7–25 employees >25 employees |
23%
22% 19% 31% 44% |
28%
28% 33% 25% 19% |
49%
51% 47% 45% 38% |
5.96 | work
experience
(n = 328) |
6%
33% 38% 24% |
0–3
years
4–10 years 11–20 years >20 years |
22%
25% 24% 27% |
28%
28% 27% 27% |
50%
47% 48% 47% |
0.27 |
| Management
experience (n = 327) |
27%
33% 20% 20% |
0–1
year
2–5 years 6–10 years > 10 years |
29%
24% 20% 27% |
30%
28% 28% 24% |
41%
49% 52% 49% |
2.81 | industry
experience
(n = 328) |
27%
21% 24% 28% |
0–1
year
2–5 years 6–10 years > 10 years |
37%
24% 12% 26% |
30%
30% 26% 25% |
33%
46% 63% 50% |
18.86 ** |
| experience in firm founding (n = 330) | 79%
21% |
no
yes |
26%
24% |
28%
24% |
46%
51% |
0.66 | techno
nascent
(n = 330) |
40%
60% |
no
yes |
25%
26% |
28%
26% |
46%
49% |
0.36 |
| industry
type
(n = 245) (dummy variables) |
14%
23% 39% 24% |
manufacturing
trade business services consumer services |
11%
32% 23% 27% |
17%
27% 26% 34% |
71%
41% 51% 39% |
9.33
**
1.74 0.62 2.28 |
start-up
capital
(n = 311)
|
31%
34% 16% 18% |
0–10.000
10.001–50.000 50.001–200.000 > 200.001 |
23%
16% 33% 35% |
25%
28% 20% 32% |
52%
56% 47% 33% |
13.40 * |
| third
party money
(n = 307) |
57%
43% |
only
own money
makes a loan |
18%
32% |
24%
31% |
58%
37% |
14.87 ** | business plan (n = 330) | 43%
57% |
no
businessplan
business plan |
25%
26% |
26%
28% |
49%
46% |
0.23 |
| information
and
guidance (n = 328) |
25%
75% |
makes
no use of it
receives inf.& sup. |
32%
23% |
30%
27% |
38%
50% |
3.99 | start full-time or part-time (n = 317) | 47%
53% |
full-time
start
part-time start |
26%
23% |
19%
34% |
55%
43% |
9.02 * |
| team (n = 318) | 62%
38% |
solo
team |
23%
30% |
26%
28% |
52%
43% |
2.90 |
** p < .01; * p < .05