Table 2
Growth Profiles of Nascent Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurs
Growth Intention/
Growth Status
Without Employees
Employment Growth/
with Employees
Realization Quota1
 
Nascents
Entrepreneurs
Nascents
Entrepreneurs
  
Characteristics
% in row
 
Gender
Male 18.4 42.0 81.6* 58.0 0.71
Female 30.9*** 56.1 69.1 43.9 0.63
 
Age
25–34 13.8 55.9 86.2*** 44.1 0.51
35–44 31.1*** 44.6 68.9 55.4 0.80
>44 30.9*** 41.6 69.1 58.4 0.85
 
Education
No degree 7.4 56.9 92.6*** 43.1 0.47
Apprenticeship 22.7 49.7 77.3 50.3 0.65
Technical degree (foreman) 29.6*** 30.0 70.4 70.0 0.99
University  29.0*** 41.6 71.0 58.4 0.82
 
Entrepreneurial Experience
No experience 25.4***
No data
 74.6
No data
–
Previous/current experience 15.6
No data
 84.4**
No data
–
 
Household Income
<3000 DM 19.1 63.3 80.9 36.7 0.45
3000 DM > 21.8 36.7 78.2 63.3 0.81
 
Sector
Secondary 38.6*** 32.8 61.4 67.2 0.69
Tertiary 17.2 45.6 82.8** 54.4 0.65
 
Region
East Germany 14.0 40.6 86.0** 59.4 0.69
West Germany 23.9* 50.3 76.1 49.7 0.66
           
Total 22.0 45.6 78.0 54.4 0.69

Own calculations for nascent entrepreneurs (1999), published data for entrepreneurs from micro census (1995/1998).
1 entrepreneurs with employees/nascents with growth intentions.  Significance: Chi2, standardized residue>=3.3, p<0.001 (***), standardized residue>=2.6, p<0.01 (**), standardized residue>=2.0, p<0.05 (*)